The Century of the Gene: Crash Course History of Science #42
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Date: 2022-04-04
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Comments and reviews: 10
Julia
Enjoyable, but slight correction around the 6 minute mark or so. Shotgun sequencing is described here as a wholly new technique, which isn't exactly accurate. It still uses the same sequencing technology, Sanger. The difference is in the pre-preparation and post-computational methods involved. Previous methods were things like -primer walking- - more or less reading out from a known location. Knowing where you started and where you read to, you decide where to restart and read further. You therefore also know how the pieces fit together. In shotgun, however, you randomly fragment the sequence and read them, then essentially puzzle (virtually -assemble-) the data back together. Shotgun was significant in that it changed the way we thought about this kind of work, but was only made possible by simultaneous advancements in computers. You can imagine then how shotgun is potentially faster, provided you have enough money to buy equipment. You basically can read everything at once and are only limited by your equipment. In primer walking, you have to inch your way along, creeping up on the unknown data from the few known spots. Its like the difference between going from the East to West of the US via the Oregon Trail vs air travel.
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Enjoyable, but slight correction around the 6 minute mark or so. Shotgun sequencing is described here as a wholly new technique, which isn't exactly accurate. It still uses the same sequencing technology, Sanger. The difference is in the pre-preparation and post-computational methods involved. Previous methods were things like -primer walking- - more or less reading out from a known location. Knowing where you started and where you read to, you decide where to restart and read further. You therefore also know how the pieces fit together. In shotgun, however, you randomly fragment the sequence and read them, then essentially puzzle (virtually -assemble-) the data back together. Shotgun was significant in that it changed the way we thought about this kind of work, but was only made possible by simultaneous advancements in computers. You can imagine then how shotgun is potentially faster, provided you have enough money to buy equipment. You basically can read everything at once and are only limited by your equipment. In primer walking, you have to inch your way along, creeping up on the unknown data from the few known spots. Its like the difference between going from the East to West of the US via the Oregon Trail vs air travel.
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Ola
11: 47
Probably because the notion that race is a -social construct- is merely wishful thinking and holds no ground in reality or science.
Sure lots of shitty things have been done based on racism, but it would be a fallacy to think that this uncomfortable history makes all racial differences untrue.
I would even go as far as saying that it is our modern version heliocentrism or creationism, where even considering of researching for any objective and unfiltered truth is controversial and is likely to have dire personal consequenses for those involved.
Not promoting treating people shitty for their race (my definition of racism, but just because there are some uncomfortable realities out there does not mean we get to choose our version of the truth.
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11: 47
Probably because the notion that race is a -social construct- is merely wishful thinking and holds no ground in reality or science.
Sure lots of shitty things have been done based on racism, but it would be a fallacy to think that this uncomfortable history makes all racial differences untrue.
I would even go as far as saying that it is our modern version heliocentrism or creationism, where even considering of researching for any objective and unfiltered truth is controversial and is likely to have dire personal consequenses for those involved.
Not promoting treating people shitty for their race (my definition of racism, but just because there are some uncomfortable realities out there does not mean we get to choose our version of the truth.
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tinymeows
the Human Genome Project helped diagnose my rare syndrome! they funded a rare blood test that the Canadian government didn't cover, and in doing so got a sample to use for their research. that blood test cemented my diagnosis and was extremely important for me and the specialists treating me. my syndrome is caused by only one faulty gene, so my sample probably helped in verifying those findings and identifying that gene. i was only a toddler at the time, but the biology nerd in me loves that i was a tiny part in this huge project.
and no, this is not an april fools joke. i would say what my syndrome is but it's so rare i fear it could actually identify me directly haha
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the Human Genome Project helped diagnose my rare syndrome! they funded a rare blood test that the Canadian government didn't cover, and in doing so got a sample to use for their research. that blood test cemented my diagnosis and was extremely important for me and the specialists treating me. my syndrome is caused by only one faulty gene, so my sample probably helped in verifying those findings and identifying that gene. i was only a toddler at the time, but the biology nerd in me loves that i was a tiny part in this huge project.
and no, this is not an april fools joke. i would say what my syndrome is but it's so rare i fear it could actually identify me directly haha
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Sir
Here's some fun information.
Odds of DNA duplicate of you: 1 in 400 trillion or so. Not likely, right? Probably not even been enough people who have lived and died to have had a duplicate come up either. that's just a guess though.
Odds of fingerprint duplicate: 1 in 8 million (varying on how you phrase the answer, but this is the outer limit I've found. 1 in 7. 6 million in the FBI database had a duplicate so it's a fair guess)
Which of these do you want to be identified by in a world of 7 billion people? I'm loathe to give my DNA to people, but when it comes down to proving who, precisely, I am. it would seem DNA is the best solution we currently have.
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Here's some fun information.
Odds of DNA duplicate of you: 1 in 400 trillion or so. Not likely, right? Probably not even been enough people who have lived and died to have had a duplicate come up either. that's just a guess though.
Odds of fingerprint duplicate: 1 in 8 million (varying on how you phrase the answer, but this is the outer limit I've found. 1 in 7. 6 million in the FBI database had a duplicate so it's a fair guess)
Which of these do you want to be identified by in a world of 7 billion people? I'm loathe to give my DNA to people, but when it comes down to proving who, precisely, I am. it would seem DNA is the best solution we currently have.
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Yisrael
Though it wasn't necessarily intended for this, PCR has had applications in many different realms of biology, especially for small scale labs. In one lab I've been in where we study biosensors, we use PCR to amplify DNA, then run through a gel to check if the right strands of DNA annealed to each other to create a biosensor or aptamer. In another lab, I've used PCR to identify species of enterococcus bacteria, as certain species will have genes unique to them.
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Though it wasn't necessarily intended for this, PCR has had applications in many different realms of biology, especially for small scale labs. In one lab I've been in where we study biosensors, we use PCR to amplify DNA, then run through a gel to check if the right strands of DNA annealed to each other to create a biosensor or aptamer. In another lab, I've used PCR to identify species of enterococcus bacteria, as certain species will have genes unique to them.
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Peter
Hank. what happened to you man? Saying race isn't science is like saying genders aren't real. So, it's colonial census taking to say equatorial people's have darker skin to protect from themselves from solar radiation and higher rates if sickle cell anemia as a response to more exposure to malaria? Also Europeans developed lighter skin to absorb more solar radiation to aid in vitamin D production
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Hank. what happened to you man? Saying race isn't science is like saying genders aren't real. So, it's colonial census taking to say equatorial people's have darker skin to protect from themselves from solar radiation and higher rates if sickle cell anemia as a response to more exposure to malaria? Also Europeans developed lighter skin to absorb more solar radiation to aid in vitamin D production
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Ecolopa
Hah, what a coincidence! I'm currently studying to become a lab tech, and we're working on a small lab project at the moment, that involves amplifying a specific DNA sequence via PCR, and sequencing it via Sanger sequencing -
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Hah, what a coincidence! I'm currently studying to become a lab tech, and we're working on a small lab project at the moment, that involves amplifying a specific DNA sequence via PCR, and sequencing it via Sanger sequencing -
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Raymond
-_. they haven't done the really important science, sequences, such as the only located god, Unas of ca 2345 BCE Egypt, (the Egyptian Rebellion of 2011 hampered their opportunity but science marches-on. _-
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-_. they haven't done the really important science, sequences, such as the only located god, Unas of ca 2345 BCE Egypt, (the Egyptian Rebellion of 2011 hampered their opportunity but science marches-on. _-
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Adam
CC MUSIC THEORY! Hi guys, I am a student that is really interested In music and I think it would be awesome to have a crash course based around music theory and history. like this for attention!
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CC MUSIC THEORY! Hi guys, I am a student that is really interested In music and I think it would be awesome to have a crash course based around music theory and history. like this for attention!
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Hydra572HQ
Private industry won, and it wasn't close. The fact that industry eventually accepted a peace settlement from their defeated, humbled foes doesn't make it a stalemate.
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Private industry won, and it wasn't close. The fact that industry eventually accepted a peace settlement from their defeated, humbled foes doesn't make it a stalemate.
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