Morphology: Crash Course Linguistics #2
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Date: 2022-04-04
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Comments and reviews: 10
Daniel
Thank you for starting this series! It's awesome to see people talk about language in a more scientific way!
You are right that a lexeme (or a lemma) is a word viewed as an item in a list. In your words, a word viewed as a dictionary entry. However, -the United States- and -the European Union- are not a lexeme in that sense. They are more like word sequences viewed as items in a list of geo names. Movie titles often falls into this category: -The Sound of Music- is a movie title and it names a particular movie in Amazon's movie catalog. This fact is very relevant for speech recognizers since lists of lexical items (-domains-) must be known by speech recognizers for them to properly guess which word comes after -play the trailer of the sound of. -. Language analysers (parsers and interpreters) also need to take these word sequences as a single lexical unit, otherwise they cannot determine which video to play. Here we should separate the notion of lexical words (the name of some phenomenon realized in a wording) from the notion of grammatical words (a unit composed of morphemes in a standard way. Outside of NLP, it is useful to recognize -the sound of music- as a movie title, and it is also useful to recognise the individual words to get a feeling of what the movie is about. Both ways of viewing the same wording are fine.
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Thank you for starting this series! It's awesome to see people talk about language in a more scientific way!
You are right that a lexeme (or a lemma) is a word viewed as an item in a list. In your words, a word viewed as a dictionary entry. However, -the United States- and -the European Union- are not a lexeme in that sense. They are more like word sequences viewed as items in a list of geo names. Movie titles often falls into this category: -The Sound of Music- is a movie title and it names a particular movie in Amazon's movie catalog. This fact is very relevant for speech recognizers since lists of lexical items (-domains-) must be known by speech recognizers for them to properly guess which word comes after -play the trailer of the sound of. -. Language analysers (parsers and interpreters) also need to take these word sequences as a single lexical unit, otherwise they cannot determine which video to play. Here we should separate the notion of lexical words (the name of some phenomenon realized in a wording) from the notion of grammatical words (a unit composed of morphemes in a standard way. Outside of NLP, it is useful to recognize -the sound of music- as a movie title, and it is also useful to recognise the individual words to get a feeling of what the movie is about. Both ways of viewing the same wording are fine.
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Chris
It's so cool that you're including sign languages right alongside spoken language examples. It's so interesting! It's easy to imagine that signing must be completely different, and it was really cool to see something as familiar as a compound word pointed out. I wonder if you'll go at all into signing phonemes? Or are morphemes as small as this series will go, since you can only cram so much into one Crash Course.
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It's so cool that you're including sign languages right alongside spoken language examples. It's so interesting! It's easy to imagine that signing must be completely different, and it was really cool to see something as familiar as a compound word pointed out. I wonder if you'll go at all into signing phonemes? Or are morphemes as small as this series will go, since you can only cram so much into one Crash Course.
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crash_course
The example for German unfortunately does not work. German can only combine nouns that make sense if combined, the example combines an adjective and nouns and does not make sense. There are also rules for how words have to be created and combined, it is not just the missing space.
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The example for German unfortunately does not work. German can only combine nouns that make sense if combined, the example combines an adjective and nouns and does not make sense. There are also rules for how words have to be created and combined, it is not just the missing space.
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Kenny
Merriam-Webster has three requirements to add a word to the dictionary:
1) Part of speech (noun, verb, etc)
2) Clear definition
3) Widespread, sustained use
'Hangry' meets all those requirements, so although it's listed as 'informal', it -is- in there.
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Merriam-Webster has three requirements to add a word to the dictionary:
1) Part of speech (noun, verb, etc)
2) Clear definition
3) Widespread, sustained use
'Hangry' meets all those requirements, so although it's listed as 'informal', it -is- in there.
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Ggenieve
I really really love this series and I'm so looking forward to the next one (and he next one, and the next! If I may give one bit of feedback, it would be that it's too fast - I'm completely new to linguistics and I just can't process everything quick enough!
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I really really love this series and I'm so looking forward to the next one (and he next one, and the next! If I may give one bit of feedback, it would be that it's too fast - I'm completely new to linguistics and I just can't process everything quick enough!
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columbus8myhw
Are receive, deceive, perceive, and conceive really from the same root? Why can you turn receive into receipt, deceive into deceit, and conceive into conceit, but not perceive into perceit? And why is receipt spelled with an extra p?
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Are receive, deceive, perceive, and conceive really from the same root? Why can you turn receive into receipt, deceive into deceit, and conceive into conceit, but not perceive into perceit? And why is receipt spelled with an extra p?
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Ollie
Great video! Thank you so much for creating this! Looking forward to seeing even more videos on Linguistics! Would love to see a series on the history of languages, like writing for example, and Latin: -)
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Great video! Thank you so much for creating this! Looking forward to seeing even more videos on Linguistics! Would love to see a series on the history of languages, like writing for example, and Latin: -)
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Kel
Please start a series to teach foreign languages using grammar and linguistics -- most people just focus on vocubulary, but learning how words are formed might be a HUGE help
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Please start a series to teach foreign languages using grammar and linguistics -- most people just focus on vocubulary, but learning how words are formed might be a HUGE help
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Lee
I always thought it was go going gone/went. The conjugation of ir in Spanish makes more sense to me - thank you crash course, for reigniting my love of language structure!
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I always thought it was go going gone/went. The conjugation of ir in Spanish makes more sense to me - thank you crash course, for reigniting my love of language structure!
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Naath
English is silly and has multiple sets of rules running in parallel, which makes it fun to play with, but the very best play is uncleftish beholding, a work of art
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English is silly and has multiple sets of rules running in parallel, which makes it fun to play with, but the very best play is uncleftish beholding, a work of art
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