Three Phase Electricity Basics and Calculations electrical engineering
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Date: 2023-11-17
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Comments and reviews: 30
Berzerk
This is all very digestible, but for some reason, I can't find ANYWHERE that answers the actual question I want answered!
The electricity is generated by induction, induction through the poles, the poles affected by the magnet, because the magnet is spinning.
HOW IS THE MAGNET SPINNING? In a motor, an electric current can make an electromagnet force it's North and South poles, and so bringing a magnet near it causes it to spin because the poles never actually move, but it seems almost counter-productive to use electricity and magnets to move magnets for electricity just because of the laws of thermodynamics.
I've also heard it's a thing of cutting the power on something in a sort of 3-phase way so the magnet gravitates towards that, but you'd have to do that SO FAST with how many rotations are going on, it feels like falling out of sync is inevitable.
So what is going on to make the magnet spin? What do they use? What are the physics behind it?
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This is all very digestible, but for some reason, I can't find ANYWHERE that answers the actual question I want answered!
The electricity is generated by induction, induction through the poles, the poles affected by the magnet, because the magnet is spinning.
HOW IS THE MAGNET SPINNING? In a motor, an electric current can make an electromagnet force it's North and South poles, and so bringing a magnet near it causes it to spin because the poles never actually move, but it seems almost counter-productive to use electricity and magnets to move magnets for electricity just because of the laws of thermodynamics.
I've also heard it's a thing of cutting the power on something in a sort of 3-phase way so the magnet gravitates towards that, but you'd have to do that SO FAST with how many rotations are going on, it feels like falling out of sync is inevitable.
So what is going on to make the magnet spin? What do they use? What are the physics behind it?
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Sparky1500
For all intents and purposes homes have single phase while commercial and industrial has 3 phase available, but there are some exceptions. Some power companies have limitations for large single phase services and might require going to three phase for anything larger than around 600 amps, which could occur with custom built luxury homes with extreme electrical demands. In some rural areas, farms have a 120/240V 3ph 4w delta service available and are easily identified by two or three transformers on the pole, with one being significantly larger to compensate for the fact all the 120V loads come off that transformer and cannot be balanced the way a 208Y/120 system can.
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For all intents and purposes homes have single phase while commercial and industrial has 3 phase available, but there are some exceptions. Some power companies have limitations for large single phase services and might require going to three phase for anything larger than around 600 amps, which could occur with custom built luxury homes with extreme electrical demands. In some rural areas, farms have a 120/240V 3ph 4w delta service available and are easily identified by two or three transformers on the pole, with one being significantly larger to compensate for the fact all the 120V loads come off that transformer and cannot be balanced the way a 208Y/120 system can.
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stuarth43
could you help me please
I built 2 rotary ph. converters 240 VAC in, Using a 10hp idler at 1450 rpm, It only took caps of 50 micro farads on each leg to obtain a very even 230 out three phases
but most of my machines run on 415 vac, when I tried to get that from my phase converter by piling on the cap, the motor got very hot
realising that I need a step-up tranny
the odd thing is that i can run my genset 415 to run a hydraulic power pack without issues even though the the motor label says 220 vac only---it came from a ship
it runs well too on the phase converters
will long term use running that motor near 400 damage it
thanking you
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could you help me please
I built 2 rotary ph. converters 240 VAC in, Using a 10hp idler at 1450 rpm, It only took caps of 50 micro farads on each leg to obtain a very even 230 out three phases
but most of my machines run on 415 vac, when I tried to get that from my phase converter by piling on the cap, the motor got very hot
realising that I need a step-up tranny
the odd thing is that i can run my genset 415 to run a hydraulic power pack without issues even though the the motor label says 220 vac only---it came from a ship
it runs well too on the phase converters
will long term use running that motor near 400 damage it
thanking you
reply
NWJF
I'm speechless. I've been watching this series for hours. I am a high voltage electrician apprentice. Generation, transmission and distribution substations.
This video series on electrical theory, single and 3 phase power is simply perfect.
Information taught this well is literally priceless and it's free to all. As it should be. However. Your effort in production and your ability to convey concepts is unmatched.
I can't thank you enough, not just for myself but for anyone watching this and learning from it.
What a gift.
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I'm speechless. I've been watching this series for hours. I am a high voltage electrician apprentice. Generation, transmission and distribution substations.
This video series on electrical theory, single and 3 phase power is simply perfect.
Information taught this well is literally priceless and it's free to all. As it should be. However. Your effort in production and your ability to convey concepts is unmatched.
I can't thank you enough, not just for myself but for anyone watching this and learning from it.
What a gift.
reply
WPPatriot
The thing I'd really hoped you would show is what happens to the electrons during a cycle in a circuit that connects two phases. The video is really clear about how to calculate the values, and it's also really clear about how during the cycles the voltage is at times higher (and other times lower, obviously) than the reported voltage, but I have a hard time visualizing how the different phases 'boost' each other. I feel like I'm so close to getting that, but I really need to see it to truly get it.
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The thing I'd really hoped you would show is what happens to the electrons during a cycle in a circuit that connects two phases. The video is really clear about how to calculate the values, and it's also really clear about how during the cycles the voltage is at times higher (and other times lower, obviously) than the reported voltage, but I have a hard time visualizing how the different phases 'boost' each other. I feel like I'm so close to getting that, but I really need to see it to truly get it.
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Anthony
This is not correct. When the North end of a magnet enters a coil you get a positive current, the max level is reached half way between start and middle. Middle of coil is zero and north moves out of the coil it peaks at negative midway between middle of coil and leaving the coil, when it leaves you are again at zero. Your lillustration would cancel the current out because you have a north entering a coil at the same time as a south unless one winding is clock wise and the othe counter.
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This is not correct. When the North end of a magnet enters a coil you get a positive current, the max level is reached half way between start and middle. Middle of coil is zero and north moves out of the coil it peaks at negative midway between middle of coil and leaving the coil, when it leaves you are again at zero. Your lillustration would cancel the current out because you have a north entering a coil at the same time as a south unless one winding is clock wise and the othe counter.
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Eyad
In your other video, you were showing the max and min of the cycle to be at 0 degrees and 180 degrees, while in this video you are showing the max and min at 90 and 270. isn't the cycle supposed to be at zero when the magnet's north pole points up (90) and south points down (270) since that is the neutral axis of the magnet? Im getting confused here because everything is shifted by 90 degrees compared to your other video (single phase explanalation - part of 3 phase video)
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In your other video, you were showing the max and min of the cycle to be at 0 degrees and 180 degrees, while in this video you are showing the max and min at 90 and 270. isn't the cycle supposed to be at zero when the magnet's north pole points up (90) and south points down (270) since that is the neutral axis of the magnet? Im getting confused here because everything is shifted by 90 degrees compared to your other video (single phase explanalation - part of 3 phase video)
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Tom
FYI UK now class their voltage as 230v. Used to be 250, then 240, now 230. Mainly to overcompensate for cable calculations as ohms law would bring out current higher with lower voltage and thus when calculating current carrying capacity for cables, it can influence the designer in selecting the next size up. Of course most houses typically float in the 240v RMS range in reality.
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FYI UK now class their voltage as 230v. Used to be 250, then 240, now 230. Mainly to overcompensate for cable calculations as ohms law would bring out current higher with lower voltage and thus when calculating current carrying capacity for cables, it can influence the designer in selecting the next size up. Of course most houses typically float in the 240v RMS range in reality.
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Ibrahim
Hi Engineering Mindeset Team,
is it possible that your animation is wrong?
Between 5: 29 and 5: 31 is no change of flux in the coils (during the transition of the magnet from the LHS to the RHS of the coil) - So the Volt-Meter is supposed to show 0V instead of max Voltage.
Could you please check and comment below?
Thanks
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Hi Engineering Mindeset Team,
is it possible that your animation is wrong?
Between 5: 29 and 5: 31 is no change of flux in the coils (during the transition of the magnet from the LHS to the RHS of the coil) - So the Volt-Meter is supposed to show 0V instead of max Voltage.
Could you please check and comment below?
Thanks
reply
Joe
Too bad you didn't sum the squares of the voltages for all three phases to show that it's always the same. One of the neat things about three-phase is that, when supplied to a three-phase motor, the motor is producing the same torque no matter what angle the rotor is in, so three-phase motors unreally smoothly.
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Too bad you didn't sum the squares of the voltages for all three phases to show that it's always the same. One of the neat things about three-phase is that, when supplied to a three-phase motor, the motor is producing the same torque no matter what angle the rotor is in, so three-phase motors unreally smoothly.
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maar10n
An IMPORTANT SAFETY tip to 1: 08: Never ever use both my hands while plugging the multimeter sticks into the socket. This applies to any electrical component. You could get a current through your heart. Always let your LEFT arm rest behind your back, while your RIGHT hand operates couplings, one at a time.
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An IMPORTANT SAFETY tip to 1: 08: Never ever use both my hands while plugging the multimeter sticks into the socket. This applies to any electrical component. You could get a current through your heart. Always let your LEFT arm rest behind your back, while your RIGHT hand operates couplings, one at a time.
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Tom
Would love a video explaining how it shorts out. like, the fact the neutral is connected to the star point isnt the same as a L-N short, and how phases dont short out when connected together. could be obvious but think these videos explain basically everything there is to know, extremely well
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Would love a video explaining how it shorts out. like, the fact the neutral is connected to the star point isnt the same as a L-N short, and how phases dont short out when connected together. could be obvious but think these videos explain basically everything there is to know, extremely well
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nohopepope
When you speak of single phase electricity, are you saying that the generator has all of the coils tied together and sending one combined line to you, or are you saying that there are seperate lines for each coil and that only the cables for one of them are hooked up to you?
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When you speak of single phase electricity, are you saying that the generator has all of the coils tied together and sending one combined line to you, or are you saying that there are seperate lines for each coil and that only the cables for one of them are hooked up to you?
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Hendra
i have a question about the phase and neutral in generators. acording to your explanation on the video, the curent are flow from phase to neutral and after that it wil change from neutral to phase.
than why only phase can give us an electric shock and not neutral?
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i have a question about the phase and neutral in generators. acording to your explanation on the video, the curent are flow from phase to neutral and after that it wil change from neutral to phase.
than why only phase can give us an electric shock and not neutral?
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education
Why are the voltages added like with the RMS and not using ordinary summation?
I understand it looks much like in statistics and in geometry (pythagorean theorem in high dimensions) but why is that so if we know that all the voltages connected together?
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Why are the voltages added like with the RMS and not using ordinary summation?
I understand it looks much like in statistics and in geometry (pythagorean theorem in high dimensions) but why is that so if we know that all the voltages connected together?
reply
M_J
That last 2 minutes my mind just went from off the charts to wow it all makes sense now and always wondered where the 208v came from. Thank you for you're knowledge and dedication to teaching along and make it so easier to understand
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That last 2 minutes my mind just went from off the charts to wow it all makes sense now and always wondered where the 208v came from. Thank you for you're knowledge and dedication to teaching along and make it so easier to understand
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ScottyHaywood
This video appears to contradict the previous 3-phase electricity video (How three phase electricity works) about the intensity of the magnetic field in relation to the position of the poles. Could you please clarify?
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This video appears to contradict the previous 3-phase electricity video (How three phase electricity works) about the intensity of the magnetic field in relation to the position of the poles. Could you please clarify?
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Nicholas
While this video does an amazing job at explaining, I actually followed along on my own excel, and I have a question. Why did you make the square of 85 7200 and not 7225. Same for 147 squared and even 170 squared.
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While this video does an amazing job at explaining, I actually followed along on my own excel, and I have a question. Why did you make the square of 85 7200 and not 7225. Same for 147 squared and even 170 squared.
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Nerd254
why does he always stick the black ground pin of the multimeter into earth pin first before sticking the positive red pin into live, then actually putting it into the neutral pin measure the outlet's voltage?
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why does he always stick the black ground pin of the multimeter into earth pin first before sticking the positive red pin into live, then actually putting it into the neutral pin measure the outlet's voltage?
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Fred
What is the difference (benefit) between having 3 phase power in your home as opposed to single phase?
I don't get it; or is this just a different way to transmit power to where it's needed?
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What is the difference (benefit) between having 3 phase power in your home as opposed to single phase?
I don't get it; or is this just a different way to transmit power to where it's needed?
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Ikeh
Here in Africa, your videos have exposed in depth as well as clarifying science and engineering concept down to basis. I have learned tremendously from the tons of videos you made. Thumbs up.
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Here in Africa, your videos have exposed in depth as well as clarifying science and engineering concept down to basis. I have learned tremendously from the tons of videos you made. Thumbs up.
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Kate
Three phase is almost impossible to get in residential areas in the US, which makes powering my hobby shop complicated and expensive Is three phase commonly available in other countries?
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Three phase is almost impossible to get in residential areas in the US, which makes powering my hobby shop complicated and expensive Is three phase commonly available in other countries?
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Mr. Cs
This might be a dumb question or answered in a different video. If the coils are copper thats generated the electrical energy then what material is the generator itself made out of?
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This might be a dumb question or answered in a different video. If the coils are copper thats generated the electrical energy then what material is the generator itself made out of?
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Chris
The electron dosent move in a wire. Its the magnetic field aroun the wire who is carrying the energy. In an transformer there is no physical connection only magnetic induction
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The electron dosent move in a wire. Its the magnetic field aroun the wire who is carrying the energy. In an transformer there is no physical connection only magnetic induction
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Retro
I feel like I'm learning secrets. The men in black gana be knocking on my door to swipe what I learned here.
EDIT: I wonder how many times that has already happened.
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I feel like I'm learning secrets. The men in black gana be knocking on my door to swipe what I learned here.
EDIT: I wonder how many times that has already happened.
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Alan
The voltage used throughout Europe (including the UK) has been harmonised since January 2003 at a nominal 230v 50 Hz (formerly 240V in UK, 220V in the rest of Europe.
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The voltage used throughout Europe (including the UK) has been harmonised since January 2003 at a nominal 230v 50 Hz (formerly 240V in UK, 220V in the rest of Europe.
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Albertus
A inform video. but must say in Australia the power plugs round and there too type three phase, 4 pinds and single phase as 3. pinds
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A inform video. but must say in Australia the power plugs round and there too type three phase, 4 pinds and single phase as 3. pinds
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oldskoolordie
Y config current is same in line and phase voltage is route 3 x line
Opposite for delta config
eg 240 x route 3 = 415
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Y config current is same in line and phase voltage is route 3 x line
Opposite for delta config
eg 240 x route 3 = 415
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BrownianMotion
How come the line voltage is calculated from all three phases but you state we get it by connecting between any two phases?
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How come the line voltage is calculated from all three phases but you state we get it by connecting between any two phases?
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Jason
I like how YT now thinks I'm a professional electrician. My ad experience has changed since I began watching these types of vids XD
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I like how YT now thinks I'm a professional electrician. My ad experience has changed since I began watching these types of vids XD
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