How to use Manual Partitions - GPT vs MBR Disk Partition Structure - Chris Titus Tech
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Date: 2022-03-21
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Comments and reviews: 10
TheGhung
After years of running Linux, and being forced to run Windows sometimes (getting more rare), I learned to install different operating systems on their own separate drives and boot from the bios. Indeed, when installing a new operating system, especially windows, I disconnect all other drives so the install sees nothing but the drive I tell it to install on. Windows 10 likes to trash other boot managers just because it can, and has done so on my machines when doing major updates. 1903 trashed both of my Linux installations (on separate drives, mind you), reset all of my privacy settings to Microsoft defaults, then made a big deal about re-authenticating my license.
Microsoft can kiss my ass and shove it's Microsoft accounts up its own..... If it has to run on Windows, I don't need it anymore. Period. It is simply awful.
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After years of running Linux, and being forced to run Windows sometimes (getting more rare), I learned to install different operating systems on their own separate drives and boot from the bios. Indeed, when installing a new operating system, especially windows, I disconnect all other drives so the install sees nothing but the drive I tell it to install on. Windows 10 likes to trash other boot managers just because it can, and has done so on my machines when doing major updates. 1903 trashed both of my Linux installations (on separate drives, mind you), reset all of my privacy settings to Microsoft defaults, then made a big deal about re-authenticating my license.
Microsoft can kiss my ass and shove it's Microsoft accounts up its own..... If it has to run on Windows, I don't need it anymore. Period. It is simply awful.
reply
StringerNews1
Heck, I've always done manual partitioning. Used to install Novell NetWare and that didn't give much option about that. And back in 1995 we didn't have fancy Linux partitioning tools either. Linux fdisk & mkfs was how it was done.
Calling fstab -f-stab- sounds wrong because h-stab is horizontal stabilizer and v-stab is vertical stabilizer, but there's no f-stab. There's -m-tab- for the mount table and -fs-tab- for filesystem table in the jargon I've heard.
In olden times I used to boot Linux using LOADLIN from a FAT16 partition. At one time I had DOS/Win16, WinNT and Linux together on the same HDD that way. The NT 3.51 boot loader allowed MS-DOS to boot up, but would clobber LILO, so the only way to start Linux was through LOADLIN. Back then a zImage was small enough to store on a floppy, so not a problem.
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Heck, I've always done manual partitioning. Used to install Novell NetWare and that didn't give much option about that. And back in 1995 we didn't have fancy Linux partitioning tools either. Linux fdisk & mkfs was how it was done.
Calling fstab -f-stab- sounds wrong because h-stab is horizontal stabilizer and v-stab is vertical stabilizer, but there's no f-stab. There's -m-tab- for the mount table and -fs-tab- for filesystem table in the jargon I've heard.
In olden times I used to boot Linux using LOADLIN from a FAT16 partition. At one time I had DOS/Win16, WinNT and Linux together on the same HDD that way. The NT 3.51 boot loader allowed MS-DOS to boot up, but would clobber LILO, so the only way to start Linux was through LOADLIN. Back then a zImage was small enough to store on a floppy, so not a problem.
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Mr.
I thought I knew everything about installing Unix-like systems, then I tried custom partitioning FreeBSD 12 like I do Linux and then it didn't work... but, I learned that / is only about a hundred MB, /usr is about 12GB, and /var doesn't need more than about 30GB, and that FreeBSD refuses to use a /boot slice. Also that in FreeBSD, they are called -slices,- not partitions.
Which means, if I were to do another linux install on my machine in the future, I would honestly make the partition map something like:
/biosboot - 1 MiB
/boot/efi - 512 MiB
/usr - 20 GB
/var - 30 GB
/ - 100 MiB
swap - anywhere from 18GB to 48 GB (I am using 27GB of RAM currently and really see no need to have more than that)
/home - everything else
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I thought I knew everything about installing Unix-like systems, then I tried custom partitioning FreeBSD 12 like I do Linux and then it didn't work... but, I learned that / is only about a hundred MB, /usr is about 12GB, and /var doesn't need more than about 30GB, and that FreeBSD refuses to use a /boot slice. Also that in FreeBSD, they are called -slices,- not partitions.
Which means, if I were to do another linux install on my machine in the future, I would honestly make the partition map something like:
/biosboot - 1 MiB
/boot/efi - 512 MiB
/usr - 20 GB
/var - 30 GB
/ - 100 MiB
swap - anywhere from 18GB to 48 GB (I am using 27GB of RAM currently and really see no need to have more than that)
/home - everything else
reply
Bert
A clear, but very basic explanation. What is missing are reasons, why you would want to worry about partitions. Raids or LVMs are a good reason, but to keep it simple, I want the most demanding data/apps on the begin of a HDD. So the first partition of a HDD are for storing for example virtual machines or game libraries, while the last partition of a HDD are for office, music, family videos, old archives, etc. You talk about a potential throughput difference of -70%, say 135 MB/s or 80 Mb/s. For a SSD it does not matter, but you could keep some space not partitioned to keep its write performance high, An almost unused SWAP partition would do the same.
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A clear, but very basic explanation. What is missing are reasons, why you would want to worry about partitions. Raids or LVMs are a good reason, but to keep it simple, I want the most demanding data/apps on the begin of a HDD. So the first partition of a HDD are for storing for example virtual machines or game libraries, while the last partition of a HDD are for office, music, family videos, old archives, etc. You talk about a potential throughput difference of -70%, say 135 MB/s or 80 Mb/s. For a SSD it does not matter, but you could keep some space not partitioned to keep its write performance high, An almost unused SWAP partition would do the same.
reply
Dave
For Linux Only installs, NO Windows Dual Boot UEFI
Use Legacy/GPT, Then you can have up to 128 Primary Partitions and use > 2.0TB Disks
Use -GPARTED-
Set Disk Partition Table -GPT-, then create first partition 128MB unformatted and set Flags to -bios_grub- , then define the rest of your partitions as you will
Exit GPARTED,
Start Installer, Other
Install to the pre created Partitions do not format/change the -bios_grub- partition
set the boot loader to /dev/sdX where X is the -device-, -NOT- partition where the -bios_grub- is located ie -sda- -not- sda1
reply
For Linux Only installs, NO Windows Dual Boot UEFI
Use Legacy/GPT, Then you can have up to 128 Primary Partitions and use > 2.0TB Disks
Use -GPARTED-
Set Disk Partition Table -GPT-, then create first partition 128MB unformatted and set Flags to -bios_grub- , then define the rest of your partitions as you will
Exit GPARTED,
Start Installer, Other
Install to the pre created Partitions do not format/change the -bios_grub- partition
set the boot loader to /dev/sdX where X is the -device-, -NOT- partition where the -bios_grub- is located ie -sda- -not- sda1
reply
Frostyx
hi, im new on linux and i saw alot of your videos to start the transition and i was wondering if i could have one SSD for ubuntu and 1 HD for other stuff like installing games or more heavy programs that i need!? wow its like 80GB plus overwatch and Mhunter and a tons of other games that work on linux and i like to play! is it possible ?? on windows is easy i just chose the directory on the installation but on linux i dont know. i really would like to see you talking about that on a video. keep up the nice videos and thanks for all your information for people like me.
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hi, im new on linux and i saw alot of your videos to start the transition and i was wondering if i could have one SSD for ubuntu and 1 HD for other stuff like installing games or more heavy programs that i need!? wow its like 80GB plus overwatch and Mhunter and a tons of other games that work on linux and i like to play! is it possible ?? on windows is easy i just chose the directory on the installation but on linux i dont know. i really would like to see you talking about that on a video. keep up the nice videos and thanks for all your information for people like me.
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Benny
Bro, this is a beginner question. But help me out please..
I want to install Linux on my win 10 laptop. I added an nvme 250GB ssd and now like to install and run Linux in that smoothly. I also want to keep all the other locations like home and other software installations on the HDD .. I don't care about the win10 which is already in my HDD.
I installed Linux mint on the ssd but it gets full quickly. Now it's not loading to Linux desktop. I want to run only the os on the SSD and the rest to be saved on the HDD. Please help bro...
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Bro, this is a beginner question. But help me out please..
I want to install Linux on my win 10 laptop. I added an nvme 250GB ssd and now like to install and run Linux in that smoothly. I also want to keep all the other locations like home and other software installations on the HDD .. I don't care about the win10 which is already in my HDD.
I installed Linux mint on the ssd but it gets full quickly. Now it's not loading to Linux desktop. I want to run only the os on the SSD and the rest to be saved on the HDD. Please help bro...
reply
Ilyas
Thank you, Chris. Great video. I'm new in Linux and I have some issue with partitioning. Trying create bootable USB stick with Linux and win10 installs using cli. It's ok with Linux install (mbr and gpt). But it's a big trouble do it for win10.
For mbr: I create dos table, add new partition, format it to ntfs, set flag to boot and copy iso into USB stick. It's not work.
And I don't know what exactly do for gpt. Do I need create UEFI part before Microsoft data?
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Thank you, Chris. Great video. I'm new in Linux and I have some issue with partitioning. Trying create bootable USB stick with Linux and win10 installs using cli. It's ok with Linux install (mbr and gpt). But it's a big trouble do it for win10.
For mbr: I create dos table, add new partition, format it to ntfs, set flag to boot and copy iso into USB stick. It's not work.
And I don't know what exactly do for gpt. Do I need create UEFI part before Microsoft data?
reply
Peter
i noticed that the easiest way to set it up on UEFI is by not partitioning before you install Windows and Linux, first install Windows and then choose the option to install alongside (Calamari installer anyway) and move the slider to determine the sizes of the partitions. Then the installer figures out the mess. At first I started to split off a partition, installed Windows on one and Linux on the other. That gave a mess, I didn't get Grub to load automatically.
reply
i noticed that the easiest way to set it up on UEFI is by not partitioning before you install Windows and Linux, first install Windows and then choose the option to install alongside (Calamari installer anyway) and move the slider to determine the sizes of the partitions. Then the installer figures out the mess. At first I started to split off a partition, installed Windows on one and Linux on the other. That gave a mess, I didn't get Grub to load automatically.
reply
Daniel
5:50 One correction regarding the size limits of MBR/msdos partition tables: you can get away with disks up to (almost) 4TiB in size without using GPT.
The actual limitations are:
1) partitions can't be larger than 2TiB
2) partitions must begin within the first 2TiB of a disk
E.g. a 4TB (3.6TiB) drive can have two 1.8TiB partitions on an msdos partition table.
reply
5:50 One correction regarding the size limits of MBR/msdos partition tables: you can get away with disks up to (almost) 4TiB in size without using GPT.
The actual limitations are:
1) partitions can't be larger than 2TiB
2) partitions must begin within the first 2TiB of a disk
E.g. a 4TB (3.6TiB) drive can have two 1.8TiB partitions on an msdos partition table.
reply
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