Why did the Persian Empire Collapse?
video description
Persian Empire went through a long decline during Artaxerxes II: s rule. Egypt gained its independence on 401bce. There was a Civil war between Cyrus the younger and Artaxerxes II. Persians had to leave from Khwarazm around 400bce and from northern Caucasus couple decades later as well as southern Indus. The big Authonomy of the satraps was no more. In 370-360 bce, The great satraps revolt began. Many of satraps from Asia minor started rebellion trying to gain independence by the help of Egypt. At the end that revolt was brutally won by the King of Kings.
At the start of Artaxerxes IIIs reign, the Empire had almost like a civil war, when strapies Fought with themselves, with other satrapieas and with the king. But eventually Artaxerxes got the satrapies calm. Then he marched hes army to Egypt and took it. Conquest of Egypt was necessary, but it consumed many resources. He was a brutal king, but he was needed to get things back to tracks. At the end of his reign, the Empire was again as great as it used to be. Artaxerxes III could have stopped alexanders conquest If he lived longer (though he was like 90 when he was murdered.
But then another civil war broke out when Artaxerxes and his son was murdered and replaced by former general Darius III. And right after that civil war, Alexanders conquest began.
-Xerxes I was a very strong ruler
-Artaxerxes I was also strong, wise and tolerant ruler
-Darius II was strong but bad ruler. He lacked the authonomy of satraps for example.
-Artaxerxes II was a weak ruler and hes reign was a decline for Persian Empire. Empires Borders were srinking from all directions.
-Artaxerxes III was the king, the empire needed, He restored its Borders and influence. But he was eventually murdered
-Darius III was not a good king at all. He was the last option to be the King when Artaxerxes III, Artaxerxes IV and Bagoas were dead.
If I said something wrong, please correct me.\r\n
Date: 2023-12-16
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Comments and reviews: 29
-MeTiPaYToN
You know whats interesting? if astronauts call the whole galaxies, spaces, stars, planets etc that can be seen by those magnificent telescopes, observable universe.
The Persian kings called themselves the king of the kings, because in the ancient world, there wasn't alot of nations tribes clans civilizations super cities left so they had about 80% of the observable(discovered) world under controled, so they in my opinion established the foundation of what an Empire is and should look and done!
As you know they have invented many systems to connect east of the world they were living in to the west of it, transportation, trading, everything been super important to run that Magnificent Empire!
I Wished that Alexander never backstabbed this Empire, maybe the course of the world would have been different, because cyrus and other great kings of Persia always respected the other cultures and religions.
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You know whats interesting? if astronauts call the whole galaxies, spaces, stars, planets etc that can be seen by those magnificent telescopes, observable universe.
The Persian kings called themselves the king of the kings, because in the ancient world, there wasn't alot of nations tribes clans civilizations super cities left so they had about 80% of the observable(discovered) world under controled, so they in my opinion established the foundation of what an Empire is and should look and done!
As you know they have invented many systems to connect east of the world they were living in to the west of it, transportation, trading, everything been super important to run that Magnificent Empire!
I Wished that Alexander never backstabbed this Empire, maybe the course of the world would have been different, because cyrus and other great kings of Persia always respected the other cultures and religions.
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-juliet2202
There no clapse us rase and fales. only fun is wars for male testastron hormuns and greed and still is. instate of going to Gym they need it to do something. still persia is there. only now media wit h belongs to israel and they are the one who never had civilization they clam plays this videos. there os prove of existing persian impire but jews just made storys of their civilization and egypt or any othere place on earth dose not belongs to them, they say it only even their languge belongs to babelian called Aramic, their simbols like menura too, they say the God cow made of gold named calf talkes to them and promise all the world, they are ARABS, ABraham was iraqi too. they spending People tax payesh money to make this BS. they bud Hollywood to make film from fake, lie storys to make them self exist -- but the world knows.
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There no clapse us rase and fales. only fun is wars for male testastron hormuns and greed and still is. instate of going to Gym they need it to do something. still persia is there. only now media wit h belongs to israel and they are the one who never had civilization they clam plays this videos. there os prove of existing persian impire but jews just made storys of their civilization and egypt or any othere place on earth dose not belongs to them, they say it only even their languge belongs to babelian called Aramic, their simbols like menura too, they say the God cow made of gold named calf talkes to them and promise all the world, they are ARABS, ABraham was iraqi too. they spending People tax payesh money to make this BS. they bud Hollywood to make film from fake, lie storys to make them self exist -- but the world knows.
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-aaronCFH_3756
This video really likes its strong monarchs. Just because a monarch was weak didn't mean the administration was bad. That's what the latter is for: to keep an Empire from depending on a single man for its stability. The Empire was still very strong in the time of Alexander. But they made the fatal mistake of fighting Alexander directly, rather than listen to Memnon of Rhodes and use a scorched Earth policy to break Alexander's army. But they fought him again and again and again, all to no avail. But the succeeding Parthians and Sasanians (with the exception of the Arabs) wouldn't make the same mistake.
From what I know, Xerxes was a strong leader and a good King. Just less so than Cyrus or Darius.
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This video really likes its strong monarchs. Just because a monarch was weak didn't mean the administration was bad. That's what the latter is for: to keep an Empire from depending on a single man for its stability. The Empire was still very strong in the time of Alexander. But they made the fatal mistake of fighting Alexander directly, rather than listen to Memnon of Rhodes and use a scorched Earth policy to break Alexander's army. But they fought him again and again and again, all to no avail. But the succeeding Parthians and Sasanians (with the exception of the Arabs) wouldn't make the same mistake.
From what I know, Xerxes was a strong leader and a good King. Just less so than Cyrus or Darius.
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-parsazfi2816
Cyrus the Great was a Zoroastrian, but not a prophet, but others called him a prophet and learned human rights from him. Abolished slavery. He did not oppress the people of the defeated country and he respected women and children. And they even say that in a failed country, when his assistant talks about collecting tribute and taxes, he says let them pay tribute to me wholeheartedly. He did not de-religionize or de-language in any country. He had only one wife. He died on the borders of his country while defending his country and his body was handed over to Pasargad. And with the infrastructure he designed, half the world lived in glory and peace in the shadow of Iran for 220 years.
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Cyrus the Great was a Zoroastrian, but not a prophet, but others called him a prophet and learned human rights from him. Abolished slavery. He did not oppress the people of the defeated country and he respected women and children. And they even say that in a failed country, when his assistant talks about collecting tribute and taxes, he says let them pay tribute to me wholeheartedly. He did not de-religionize or de-language in any country. He had only one wife. He died on the borders of his country while defending his country and his body was handed over to Pasargad. And with the infrastructure he designed, half the world lived in glory and peace in the shadow of Iran for 220 years.
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-DegnaDings
We can thank Athens for the first signs of the empires collapse. They helped Ionia in a revolt against its Persian occupiers. The revolt was crushed, but Darius never forgave what he thought was an attack by the Athenians in something that wasn-t their concern. He swore revenge on all of Greece. After he failed throughout his own rule, and Xerxes took over, he did the same thing, assimilating what was possibly the largest army an empire ever assembled. Numbering in the millions. But even THIS failed to defeat the Greeks, and by now Xerxes has depleted the royal treasury for the campaign, which lead to everything else and it-s ultimate fall.
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We can thank Athens for the first signs of the empires collapse. They helped Ionia in a revolt against its Persian occupiers. The revolt was crushed, but Darius never forgave what he thought was an attack by the Athenians in something that wasn-t their concern. He swore revenge on all of Greece. After he failed throughout his own rule, and Xerxes took over, he did the same thing, assimilating what was possibly the largest army an empire ever assembled. Numbering in the millions. But even THIS failed to defeat the Greeks, and by now Xerxes has depleted the royal treasury for the campaign, which lead to everything else and it-s ultimate fall.
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-bpsalami9864
Great video! But How was Xerxes a weak king? He was one of the strongest ones. His successor Artaxerxes I was also strong, peaceful and tolerant ruler. The next two Kings were the weak ones (Darius II and Artaxerxes II. And the next king (Artaxerxes III) was cruel, greedy but very much needed king to get the Empire back to it's glory. Civil war followed wich ended as another weak king Darius III took the throne.
It is not so weird that Darius III ignored Alexander's landing. The western coast of Anatolia used to chance hands between greeks and persians from time to time.
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Great video! But How was Xerxes a weak king? He was one of the strongest ones. His successor Artaxerxes I was also strong, peaceful and tolerant ruler. The next two Kings were the weak ones (Darius II and Artaxerxes II. And the next king (Artaxerxes III) was cruel, greedy but very much needed king to get the Empire back to it's glory. Civil war followed wich ended as another weak king Darius III took the throne.
It is not so weird that Darius III ignored Alexander's landing. The western coast of Anatolia used to chance hands between greeks and persians from time to time.
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knowledgia
Cyrus the great founded the very first empire in the human history and also established what we know today as human rights and liberalism. Also, Darius the great had established many different effective ways of functioning of such a gigantic empire, which were the starting point of how the modern society is functioning now. All of these ideas were brought to the west through Greco-Persian wars and later inspired Romans.
It was definitely worth being mentioned in this video, and is a huge lack of this video.
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Cyrus the great founded the very first empire in the human history and also established what we know today as human rights and liberalism. Also, Darius the great had established many different effective ways of functioning of such a gigantic empire, which were the starting point of how the modern society is functioning now. All of these ideas were brought to the west through Greco-Persian wars and later inspired Romans.
It was definitely worth being mentioned in this video, and is a huge lack of this video.
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-jnmc2498
Xerxes was not a weak king-
People claimimg this tend to go (solely) by ancient Greek sources.
For example tablets found have given a more nuanced and fair image of him. And not as a weakling.
And the empire did not start to decline with him. On the contrary, the Empire was still very stable and going strong the second half of 5th century BC.
I just listened to professor John I. Lee in -The Persian Empire- talk about this.
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Xerxes was not a weak king-
People claimimg this tend to go (solely) by ancient Greek sources.
For example tablets found have given a more nuanced and fair image of him. And not as a weakling.
And the empire did not start to decline with him. On the contrary, the Empire was still very stable and going strong the second half of 5th century BC.
I just listened to professor John I. Lee in -The Persian Empire- talk about this.
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-masonreal6643
there is some lies and a lot of changed history, alexander did not conquer Persia, and In fact the history of 300 spartan is lie and they lost that battle and they were more that 300, all are lies from Greek Historians. Today Iran have been destroyed by Dictatorship and bad human beings.
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there is some lies and a lot of changed history, alexander did not conquer Persia, and In fact the history of 300 spartan is lie and they lost that battle and they were more that 300, all are lies from Greek Historians. Today Iran have been destroyed by Dictatorship and bad human beings.
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-jimmyfarari3823
oh you nailed it. yeah you are absolutely right. Thank you for your informative video. If it was not for your videos I would have never know about this thank you. we need a movie about cyrus the great. The movies like 300 painted a very wrong picture about persian empire.
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oh you nailed it. yeah you are absolutely right. Thank you for your informative video. If it was not for your videos I would have never know about this thank you. we need a movie about cyrus the great. The movies like 300 painted a very wrong picture about persian empire.
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-Se7enmax9
The empire, as with ALL empires, was given its glory and greatness, albeit temporary, by the Creator of the universe. Not one empire of -MEN-, EVER, has had a monopoly on glory and greatness! -THEY- have all collapsed due to depravity and societal rot.
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The empire, as with ALL empires, was given its glory and greatness, albeit temporary, by the Creator of the universe. Not one empire of -MEN-, EVER, has had a monopoly on glory and greatness! -THEY- have all collapsed due to depravity and societal rot.
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-masonreal6643
Xerxes was not cruel, for example explain to me how 800, 000 soldiers with latest technologies and latest ships and latest equipment of that time can lose to 100. 000 soldiers ( numbers are not correct, don't believe lies from Greek historians.
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Xerxes was not cruel, for example explain to me how 800, 000 soldiers with latest technologies and latest ships and latest equipment of that time can lose to 100. 000 soldiers ( numbers are not correct, don't believe lies from Greek historians.
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-knowing1100
It seems making poor becomes poorer and rich richer in all power structures, as happening even now, will result their decline. West should learn. We need a benevolent global authority as the way for human survival.
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It seems making poor becomes poorer and rich richer in all power structures, as happening even now, will result their decline. West should learn. We need a benevolent global authority as the way for human survival.
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-myrouhani
All post Elemite nations in the Iranian plateau called themselves -Iran-. Persia was a greek name for the Parsi tribe.
Persia and Iran are as different as Deutschland is to Germany or Nippon is to Japan.
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All post Elemite nations in the Iranian plateau called themselves -Iran-. Persia was a greek name for the Parsi tribe.
Persia and Iran are as different as Deutschland is to Germany or Nippon is to Japan.
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-BadWeatherfreak
Jehovah GOD predicted around 150 years before Cyrus was even born that he would take Babylon. He even mentioned by name. Isaiah 45: 1. He took Babylon in the year 539 BC.
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Jehovah GOD predicted around 150 years before Cyrus was even born that he would take Babylon. He even mentioned by name. Isaiah 45: 1. He took Babylon in the year 539 BC.
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-Sina-sd6qp
Macedonians were not Greeks. They actually slaughtered the Greeks. The Greeks fought for the survival of the Persian empire. So, the last 3 minutes of the video was misleading
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Macedonians were not Greeks. They actually slaughtered the Greeks. The Greeks fought for the survival of the Persian empire. So, the last 3 minutes of the video was misleading
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-tractor6619
Lol the story of alexander the great is just a myth and creation of Greek story tellers' mind (who probably were high asf. None of the dates, facts and locations make sense.
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Lol the story of alexander the great is just a myth and creation of Greek story tellers' mind (who probably were high asf. None of the dates, facts and locations make sense.
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-mihai-viteazul
because they over reproduce, destroyed their environment and had nothing left to eat, other than their own children and prisoners, this why they invade other countries
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because they over reproduce, destroyed their environment and had nothing left to eat, other than their own children and prisoners, this why they invade other countries
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-jimmyfarari3823
5: 23 They look like provices like canada snd usa with tax hehe talk about beaurocracy and democracy first apearing on greece, sparta, or Athen so that is a lie--
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5: 23 They look like provices like canada snd usa with tax hehe talk about beaurocracy and democracy first apearing on greece, sparta, or Athen so that is a lie--
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-anourtine6204
We already have conspiracies and revolts- all the US needs is some more assassinations and they-ll be writing about our 21st century collapse in history books.
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We already have conspiracies and revolts- all the US needs is some more assassinations and they-ll be writing about our 21st century collapse in history books.
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-kevinbwtauer4190
The Persians were incredible, wise, warriors and philosophers, nowadays they are blinded by a blind religion and a religious dictatorship. what a sad phase
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The Persians were incredible, wise, warriors and philosophers, nowadays they are blinded by a blind religion and a religious dictatorship. what a sad phase
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knowledgia
Persia empire: Iran, Tajikistan, turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, north India, Bangladesh, iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and eygpt.
Asia, Europe, and afrika
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Persia empire: Iran, Tajikistan, turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, north India, Bangladesh, iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and eygpt.
Asia, Europe, and afrika
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knowledgia
realy simple cyrus was hand of god for persia so good king but 200 years man is to much time weak king will come in chill time and alexander used this situation
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realy simple cyrus was hand of god for persia so good king but 200 years man is to much time weak king will come in chill time and alexander used this situation
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-kallepikku4991
This video doesn't included much details and relies too much unsubstantiable claims. Not the best source for learning about the first Persian empire.
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This video doesn't included much details and relies too much unsubstantiable claims. Not the best source for learning about the first Persian empire.
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-heroduelist9242
I'm greek and i love persian history - if it wasn't for iran/persia we probably would never be united. I wish babylon still was standing -
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I'm greek and i love persian history - if it wasn't for iran/persia we probably would never be united. I wish babylon still was standing -
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-SrBriggles123
Just so you know, Persians pronounce their country like: Eee-raHn. Instead of how you say Eye-ran. Just a lil info for you, loved the video!
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Just so you know, Persians pronounce their country like: Eee-raHn. Instead of how you say Eye-ran. Just a lil info for you, loved the video!
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-vinzanity68
Putin needs to understand the logistical problem of ruling a huge empire of people who don't want to be ruled. What an idiot.
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Putin needs to understand the logistical problem of ruling a huge empire of people who don't want to be ruled. What an idiot.
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-RohitVermaJaiBhim
Pakistan must learned from Persian Empire history.
Pakistan Army Empire already rotten the Pakistan as a nation
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Pakistan must learned from Persian Empire history.
Pakistan Army Empire already rotten the Pakistan as a nation
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-King_of_Cards
i would shorten the answer into two words: technological advancement
no Persian arrow could pass through the phalanx
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i would shorten the answer into two words: technological advancement
no Persian arrow could pass through the phalanx
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