Why Can Two Cities Host the Olympics Now
video description
Date: 2026-03-07
Related videos
Comments and reviews: 20
joanieesr2775
Hey Dave. I’m so impressed by your content and presentation of the Olympic financing model. I Also noticed your Cal Poly flag hanging from your shelf. I loved my years at Cal Poly and was impressed by the diversity of your educational backgrounds. I’ve never been particularly interested in the Olympics other than enjoying the occasional downhill ski race or the opening ceremonies until hearing of the accident this afternoon involving Lyndsey Vaughn in Cortina. I started thinking about her being airlifted off the mountain and then started thinking about the expense of her rescue, surgery and recovery and started to wonder what would push her mentally to take on the race on a torn ACL. I then came upon an NBC video from last year talking about the Cortina efforts to get the town ready for the Olympics and how that tied into the reusing of venues from the 56 games and what qualities from the region drew Lyndsey to compete in Cortina and kept her coming back to Italy year after year. Guess what stuck in her head the most A pizzeria in Cortina that she frequented after races that ended up naming a pizza after her. Wow! In Italy that would be cooler than receiving the key to the city or a grant from an IOC sponsor, at least in my mind. Back on topic; I really took interest in your focus on the IOC revenue sharing and reuse models and how they are now starting to address the bankrupt realities of past host cities and the number of greedy hands reaching into the Olympic piggy bank and what must go through the minds of the various parties involved in the whole process of bringing an Olympic event to the world. I can only guess the vastness of the ocean of corruption involved behind the scenes and can only hope that Lyndsey comes out of all this whole and a bit smarter as a result. Thank you for the well thought out content and to a lesser extent the brilliance behind the algorithm that put your voice in front of me for a an hour or so. Perhaps we can talk more another time. Are you are actively teaching at Cal Poly and could you suggest any interesting resources to point me towards All the best. Henry.
reply
Hey Dave. I’m so impressed by your content and presentation of the Olympic financing model. I Also noticed your Cal Poly flag hanging from your shelf. I loved my years at Cal Poly and was impressed by the diversity of your educational backgrounds. I’ve never been particularly interested in the Olympics other than enjoying the occasional downhill ski race or the opening ceremonies until hearing of the accident this afternoon involving Lyndsey Vaughn in Cortina. I started thinking about her being airlifted off the mountain and then started thinking about the expense of her rescue, surgery and recovery and started to wonder what would push her mentally to take on the race on a torn ACL. I then came upon an NBC video from last year talking about the Cortina efforts to get the town ready for the Olympics and how that tied into the reusing of venues from the 56 games and what qualities from the region drew Lyndsey to compete in Cortina and kept her coming back to Italy year after year. Guess what stuck in her head the most A pizzeria in Cortina that she frequented after races that ended up naming a pizza after her. Wow! In Italy that would be cooler than receiving the key to the city or a grant from an IOC sponsor, at least in my mind. Back on topic; I really took interest in your focus on the IOC revenue sharing and reuse models and how they are now starting to address the bankrupt realities of past host cities and the number of greedy hands reaching into the Olympic piggy bank and what must go through the minds of the various parties involved in the whole process of bringing an Olympic event to the world. I can only guess the vastness of the ocean of corruption involved behind the scenes and can only hope that Lyndsey comes out of all this whole and a bit smarter as a result. Thank you for the well thought out content and to a lesser extent the brilliance behind the algorithm that put your voice in front of me for a an hour or so. Perhaps we can talk more another time. Are you are actively teaching at Cal Poly and could you suggest any interesting resources to point me towards All the best. Henry.
reply
uninvincibleete
When you say the first time multiple cities have hosted, do you mean been host cities fully in name I remember the LA Olympics included venues as far as Oklahoma (a 3 hour flight) so I assumed multi-city hosting is the norm, but I realize that was still called 'the LA Olympics' despite a dozen or so cities having venues. [Edit: ah I see you mentioned LA later in the vid haha]
In terms of infrastructure, I doubt most Olympic-prep projects pay for themselves, but I do think there's a value to Olympic-minded planning as the vehicle to approve helpful infrastructure projects mired in car-centric or suburb-centric pushback. For example, Vancouver built its two main lightrail lines for Expo 86 and the 2010 Olympics respectively. When planning first began, mayors fought against the project tooth and nail, claiming 'no one would use it'. Nowadays it's some of the most-used public transit in the country and mayors in those same cities are always begging for an extension or station in their city. There's similar construction happening now in Vancouver for FIFA and in California for the 28 Olympics. I don't think infrastructure projects ever 'pay for themselves' for the event, but I still think there's a value to using event-anticipatory momentum to get those projects approved, and using related funding to at least subsidize the costs of useful infrastructure. The same can't be said for the giant empty stadiums, sadly.
reply
When you say the first time multiple cities have hosted, do you mean been host cities fully in name I remember the LA Olympics included venues as far as Oklahoma (a 3 hour flight) so I assumed multi-city hosting is the norm, but I realize that was still called 'the LA Olympics' despite a dozen or so cities having venues. [Edit: ah I see you mentioned LA later in the vid haha]
In terms of infrastructure, I doubt most Olympic-prep projects pay for themselves, but I do think there's a value to Olympic-minded planning as the vehicle to approve helpful infrastructure projects mired in car-centric or suburb-centric pushback. For example, Vancouver built its two main lightrail lines for Expo 86 and the 2010 Olympics respectively. When planning first began, mayors fought against the project tooth and nail, claiming 'no one would use it'. Nowadays it's some of the most-used public transit in the country and mayors in those same cities are always begging for an extension or station in their city. There's similar construction happening now in Vancouver for FIFA and in California for the 28 Olympics. I don't think infrastructure projects ever 'pay for themselves' for the event, but I still think there's a value to using event-anticipatory momentum to get those projects approved, and using related funding to at least subsidize the costs of useful infrastructure. The same can't be said for the giant empty stadiums, sadly.
reply
Doofwarrior88
The olympics needs to break up the summer olympics with the spring summer and fall olympics. Each taking place in a different year. Many of these event centers can be completely broken up. I and use the same facilities again in different seasons. This would make the olympics an annual event that's happening every year, just in a different season. They can stagger each of the games. So they're not that close to each other. Each time one is happening. You start with the summer games. Then, the winter, then the fall, then the spring. That gives it at least six months to a year and a half in between games. This would also allow certain sports to be played in their off-season. So professional athletes won't have to take time out of their schedule to a go play in another games. I believe the winter games should be permanently hosted. Probably between only 2 to 3 countries that are always reliably cold
reply
The olympics needs to break up the summer olympics with the spring summer and fall olympics. Each taking place in a different year. Many of these event centers can be completely broken up. I and use the same facilities again in different seasons. This would make the olympics an annual event that's happening every year, just in a different season. They can stagger each of the games. So they're not that close to each other. Each time one is happening. You start with the summer games. Then, the winter, then the fall, then the spring. That gives it at least six months to a year and a half in between games. This would also allow certain sports to be played in their off-season. So professional athletes won't have to take time out of their schedule to a go play in another games. I believe the winter games should be permanently hosted. Probably between only 2 to 3 countries that are always reliably cold
reply
city_beautiful
This isn't unprecedented though. At the last Winter Olympics held by China, the main host was Beijing, but the alpine events were in Zhangjiakou (a different city of 2 million people) because Beijing is on flat land, whereas mountains are to the north. In China's case, it may have been less noticeable because Zhangjiakou is only 200 km from Beijing, not 400 km. Furthermore, China opened a high-speed rail line before the 2022 Olympics so travel time between the two would be less than an hour. Winter Olympics used to be held in small alpine villages because you should be in the mountains. But as the Games expand in scale and number of participants, they gradually moved to big cities which are nearly always on flat terrain, hence you have to split the location between events that can be held in the city versus those that needs the mountains.
reply
This isn't unprecedented though. At the last Winter Olympics held by China, the main host was Beijing, but the alpine events were in Zhangjiakou (a different city of 2 million people) because Beijing is on flat land, whereas mountains are to the north. In China's case, it may have been less noticeable because Zhangjiakou is only 200 km from Beijing, not 400 km. Furthermore, China opened a high-speed rail line before the 2022 Olympics so travel time between the two would be less than an hour. Winter Olympics used to be held in small alpine villages because you should be in the mountains. But as the Games expand in scale and number of participants, they gradually moved to big cities which are nearly always on flat terrain, hence you have to split the location between events that can be held in the city versus those that needs the mountains.
reply
HalifaxHercules
Even if Calgary becomes a permanent host city for the Winter Olympics, the Government of Canada, Province of Alberta, and the International Olympic Committee will have to spend billions of dollars to upgrade their winter athletic facilities as most of them are now obsolete.
To make matters worse, Calgary no longer has a Bobsled, Luge, and Skeleton track as they were demolished in 2021 and never replaced.
Even Calgary's Ski Jumping facility, the only permanent one in Canada, is slated to be demolished.
That will leave Canada with no permanent Ski Jumping parks left, forcing their Ski Jumpers to go to Slovenia to train.
Until Canada builds new Bobsled, Skeleton, and Luge tracks, and also new Ski Jump Hills, Calgary shouldn't be considered a permanent city for the Olympic Winter Games.
reply
Even if Calgary becomes a permanent host city for the Winter Olympics, the Government of Canada, Province of Alberta, and the International Olympic Committee will have to spend billions of dollars to upgrade their winter athletic facilities as most of them are now obsolete.
To make matters worse, Calgary no longer has a Bobsled, Luge, and Skeleton track as they were demolished in 2021 and never replaced.
Even Calgary's Ski Jumping facility, the only permanent one in Canada, is slated to be demolished.
That will leave Canada with no permanent Ski Jumping parks left, forcing their Ski Jumpers to go to Slovenia to train.
Until Canada builds new Bobsled, Skeleton, and Luge tracks, and also new Ski Jump Hills, Calgary shouldn't be considered a permanent city for the Olympic Winter Games.
reply
paxonf
As a Salt Lake City resident, I actually find the naming of the 2034 Olympics to Utah 2034 to not actually be representative of this larger shift towards multi-city areas hosting the Olympics, but rather this general shift we've seen from lawmakers in the state pushing for things to be named after Utah instead of Salt Lake City.
(I can't speak on why that is exactly, but the vibes are semi-political with a very conservative state legislature, and a pretty liberal city government and demographic)
The reason I say this is because all of the Olympic venues will largely be the same as the Salt Lake 2002 Olympics, with many stadium events taking place in the city, and most snow-based events taking place in the Park City area and many ski resorts like last time.
reply
As a Salt Lake City resident, I actually find the naming of the 2034 Olympics to Utah 2034 to not actually be representative of this larger shift towards multi-city areas hosting the Olympics, but rather this general shift we've seen from lawmakers in the state pushing for things to be named after Utah instead of Salt Lake City.
(I can't speak on why that is exactly, but the vibes are semi-political with a very conservative state legislature, and a pretty liberal city government and demographic)
The reason I say this is because all of the Olympic venues will largely be the same as the Salt Lake 2002 Olympics, with many stadium events taking place in the city, and most snow-based events taking place in the Park City area and many ski resorts like last time.
reply
SnowmanTF2
I doubt three cities as permanent rotating hosts actually moves the needle much on making costs viable for hosts long term, modern buildings generally need major renovations after 20-30 years, concrete decks often need rehabilitation/replacement around 50-60 years out, and the pilers around 100. On a 12 year cycle that is only hosting 2-3 games between venues needing a basic renovation/modernization, and maybe 5-6 before likely replacement or practically stripped to the core and rebuilt. Even selecting a single city to host long term likely needs strong local use and/or own tournaments to actually make the costs even come close to breaking even, as even one event per year is not going to make an NBA or FIFA scale arena cover costs.
reply
I doubt three cities as permanent rotating hosts actually moves the needle much on making costs viable for hosts long term, modern buildings generally need major renovations after 20-30 years, concrete decks often need rehabilitation/replacement around 50-60 years out, and the pilers around 100. On a 12 year cycle that is only hosting 2-3 games between venues needing a basic renovation/modernization, and maybe 5-6 before likely replacement or practically stripped to the core and rebuilt. Even selecting a single city to host long term likely needs strong local use and/or own tournaments to actually make the costs even come close to breaking even, as even one event per year is not going to make an NBA or FIFA scale arena cover costs.
reply
ShadowriverUB
Winter Olympics good way bigger problem then construction of ice slide and was main problem for getting bids and why they get multi host, it's environmental requirements, more specifically terrain, where you need mountains, biggist problems are alpine sking where track requirements are quite high, some contries don't even have mountains for that not to mention if mountains at all and most impotently snow. By losing up rules technically improving flexibility, this open up door for host regions cities that didn't even consider hosting. Summer olympics don't have that problem much, but even with so for 2 dacades the olympics are reserved for hosts that are not new and have past Olympic infrastructure
reply
Winter Olympics good way bigger problem then construction of ice slide and was main problem for getting bids and why they get multi host, it's environmental requirements, more specifically terrain, where you need mountains, biggist problems are alpine sking where track requirements are quite high, some contries don't even have mountains for that not to mention if mountains at all and most impotently snow. By losing up rules technically improving flexibility, this open up door for host regions cities that didn't even consider hosting. Summer olympics don't have that problem much, but even with so for 2 dacades the olympics are reserved for hosts that are not new and have past Olympic infrastructure
reply
elbranda
-I think I like the format, people have the chance to explore a little bit, Milano is fun, Cortina, Livigno and Bormio are small and cozy. The logistics are complicated but how many events do you want to attend to actually The Veneto region had the chance to attract long due roads and other infrastructure upgrades which are beneficial in the long run. I only dislike the bobsled track in Cortina which is really expensive and will realistically be a financial bloodbath (few athletes, complicated destination to reach; Innsbruck would have been more rational, more connected to the rest of europe but it is 0. 05% of the region GDP, build the fkin track. ciao!
reply
-I think I like the format, people have the chance to explore a little bit, Milano is fun, Cortina, Livigno and Bormio are small and cozy. The logistics are complicated but how many events do you want to attend to actually The Veneto region had the chance to attract long due roads and other infrastructure upgrades which are beneficial in the long run. I only dislike the bobsled track in Cortina which is really expensive and will realistically be a financial bloodbath (few athletes, complicated destination to reach; Innsbruck would have been more rational, more connected to the rest of europe but it is 0. 05% of the region GDP, build the fkin track. ciao!
reply
mylesgarcia4625
Uhmmm, not really. The Equestrian events, first in 1956, were held in Stockholm while the main body of competition was held in Melbourne, OZ. At Beijing 2008, same thing; Equestrian events were held in HONG KONG. At Paris 2024, Surfing was held half a world away and one hemisphere down -- in Tahiti, South Pacific. Soccer prelims in many Summer Olympic Games are spread out in farther cities. For LA28, other out-of-state host cities will be NYC, St. Louis, Columbus, Nashville, and the burbs of Oklahoma City for the White Water and Softball events. So your video is really nothing new. You should re-do your claim so it is valid.
reply
Uhmmm, not really. The Equestrian events, first in 1956, were held in Stockholm while the main body of competition was held in Melbourne, OZ. At Beijing 2008, same thing; Equestrian events were held in HONG KONG. At Paris 2024, Surfing was held half a world away and one hemisphere down -- in Tahiti, South Pacific. Soccer prelims in many Summer Olympic Games are spread out in farther cities. For LA28, other out-of-state host cities will be NYC, St. Louis, Columbus, Nashville, and the burbs of Oklahoma City for the White Water and Softball events. So your video is really nothing new. You should re-do your claim so it is valid.
reply
fmyoung
0: 30 30AD So it's older than the Roman Colosseum, which was built between 72 and 80AD. The famous Mt Vesuvius eruption that buried both Pompeii and Herculaneum took place during thistime, in 79 AD.
5: 16 The warmest city ever to host the Winter Olympics
7: 51 Not only will LA be hosting the Summer Games in 2028, but Mickey Mouse will be turning one hundred also in 2028. And then, Disneyland is not far from LA.
9: 32 In 2012 London became the first city to host the Olympics three times. Paris has hosted them three times now, as of 2024, and LA will be hosting the Games for its third time in 2028.
tyvm for this upload
reply
0: 30 30AD So it's older than the Roman Colosseum, which was built between 72 and 80AD. The famous Mt Vesuvius eruption that buried both Pompeii and Herculaneum took place during thistime, in 79 AD.
5: 16 The warmest city ever to host the Winter Olympics
7: 51 Not only will LA be hosting the Summer Games in 2028, but Mickey Mouse will be turning one hundred also in 2028. And then, Disneyland is not far from LA.
9: 32 In 2012 London became the first city to host the Olympics three times. Paris has hosted them three times now, as of 2024, and LA will be hosting the Games for its third time in 2028.
tyvm for this upload
reply
LoveStallion
Olympics always have sprawl. Heck, the Paris Summer Olympics had surfing in Tahiti.
The upcoming Los Angeles Olympics will have softball in Oklahoma City.
The Atlanta Olympics had some events as far north as Washington, DC and as far south as Miami.
The skiing events for the Beijing Winter Olympics were held in Taizicheng, about 140 from Beijing.
Far-flung Olympics carrying the name of the host city are nothing new. If these were just the Milan Olympics, I don't think anyone would have batted an eye about the alpine venues being. alpine. I'm curious how Cortina must have maneuvered to get its name in the mix.
reply
Olympics always have sprawl. Heck, the Paris Summer Olympics had surfing in Tahiti.
The upcoming Los Angeles Olympics will have softball in Oklahoma City.
The Atlanta Olympics had some events as far north as Washington, DC and as far south as Miami.
The skiing events for the Beijing Winter Olympics were held in Taizicheng, about 140 from Beijing.
Far-flung Olympics carrying the name of the host city are nothing new. If these were just the Milan Olympics, I don't think anyone would have batted an eye about the alpine venues being. alpine. I'm curious how Cortina must have maneuvered to get its name in the mix.
reply
idahagen9760
To be honest, it's never been an Olympics in just one place since nearly the beginning. To use the example I know best, in Lillehammer 94, the skating was in Hamar, and the alpine skiing was in the mountainous areas north of there.
Even this year, it's not just in Milan and Cortina. The biathlon is in Antholz/Anterselva, the skiing is in Val de Fiemme, and other events are yet other places. The opening ceremony was unique in actually showing us that, it was a parade in at least 4 different locations.
It's always been several cities, it's just usually been one city that gets the glory.
reply
To be honest, it's never been an Olympics in just one place since nearly the beginning. To use the example I know best, in Lillehammer 94, the skating was in Hamar, and the alpine skiing was in the mountainous areas north of there.
Even this year, it's not just in Milan and Cortina. The biathlon is in Antholz/Anterselva, the skiing is in Val de Fiemme, and other events are yet other places. The opening ceremony was unique in actually showing us that, it was a parade in at least 4 different locations.
It's always been several cities, it's just usually been one city that gets the glory.
reply
akustik_prog1601
Milan is hosting ICE hockey, figure skating and speed skating in its three venues: S Milano Santagiulia Ice Hockey Arena,
Milano Ice Park in Rho ice hockey, speed skating and finally
Milano Ice Skating Arena figure skating, short track.
So nobody apart from people attending the event is travelling too much. Each location hosts specialty Alpine and Ice sports. If you decide to attend Bormio and Livigno events, you can go there from Milan; if you prefer Tesero, Predazzo, Cortina and Anterselva, you stay in Val di Fiemme area and do little travelling from there.
reply
Milan is hosting ICE hockey, figure skating and speed skating in its three venues: S Milano Santagiulia Ice Hockey Arena,
Milano Ice Park in Rho ice hockey, speed skating and finally
Milano Ice Skating Arena figure skating, short track.
So nobody apart from people attending the event is travelling too much. Each location hosts specialty Alpine and Ice sports. If you decide to attend Bormio and Livigno events, you can go there from Milan; if you prefer Tesero, Predazzo, Cortina and Anterselva, you stay in Val di Fiemme area and do little travelling from there.
reply
dcassus
After Barcelona 92, everyone wanted to host and use the opportunity to reinvent themselves. But then came Athens 2004 and cities started becoming indebted (did Beijing 08 face such problems do we even have numbers wouldn't the debt be dealt by the central govt anyway. London was smart and had hosted before (even if it was many decades prior. Rio and Tokyo also had the same problem as Athens, with varying degrees of debt. Then the bids to host started to become thin until the just threw the rules away and gave it to Paris and LA already. For winter olympics it's even worse.
reply
After Barcelona 92, everyone wanted to host and use the opportunity to reinvent themselves. But then came Athens 2004 and cities started becoming indebted (did Beijing 08 face such problems do we even have numbers wouldn't the debt be dealt by the central govt anyway. London was smart and had hosted before (even if it was many decades prior. Rio and Tokyo also had the same problem as Athens, with varying degrees of debt. Then the bids to host started to become thin until the just threw the rules away and gave it to Paris and LA already. For winter olympics it's even worse.
reply
joannedj1
I think it’s better to spread it out and have it over a region rather than a city, it helps spread the costs, the policing, etc, and more places get to host stuff. Also, there is more chance that existing venues can be used for certain sports and less risk of any white elephants that get built for a Games and then are never used again and are left to fall into disrepair. By that, I mean event venues in Athens and Rio. I am not including Sarajevo in that as venues there were damaged because of the Balkan conflict when Yugoslavia split up.
reply
I think it’s better to spread it out and have it over a region rather than a city, it helps spread the costs, the policing, etc, and more places get to host stuff. Also, there is more chance that existing venues can be used for certain sports and less risk of any white elephants that get built for a Games and then are never used again and are left to fall into disrepair. By that, I mean event venues in Athens and Rio. I am not including Sarajevo in that as venues there were damaged because of the Balkan conflict when Yugoslavia split up.
reply
scottwendt9575
It is very disingenuous to not include the cost of infrastructure in the hosting budget when only the hosts that propose 10’s of billions of Euros in taxpayer or government funded infrastructure are considered. They do this to hide the fact that the IOC members are actually pocketing the majority of the money while leaving the host to pay for everything. IOC keeps 2 billion, gives host 1. 5 billion, host is expected to spend 40 billion for venues, transportation, including rail lines, and the IOC’s sustainability doctrine.
reply
It is very disingenuous to not include the cost of infrastructure in the hosting budget when only the hosts that propose 10’s of billions of Euros in taxpayer or government funded infrastructure are considered. They do this to hide the fact that the IOC members are actually pocketing the majority of the money while leaving the host to pay for everything. IOC keeps 2 billion, gives host 1. 5 billion, host is expected to spend 40 billion for venues, transportation, including rail lines, and the IOC’s sustainability doctrine.
reply
Fools_Requiem
This is NOT a problem. This is a solution.
A solution that doesn't force countries to build more facilities than necessary. Use ski slopes in Cortina for Skiing and Snowboarding. Use the already existing stadiums in Milan for everything else.
Also, never have to worry if there isn't enough snow for the outdoor events, either.
Countries have been going broke because of how much they spend on the Olympics. Both Paris and Italy went about it the right way. Other countries should use them as inspiration.
reply
This is NOT a problem. This is a solution.
A solution that doesn't force countries to build more facilities than necessary. Use ski slopes in Cortina for Skiing and Snowboarding. Use the already existing stadiums in Milan for everything else.
Also, never have to worry if there isn't enough snow for the outdoor events, either.
Countries have been going broke because of how much they spend on the Olympics. Both Paris and Italy went about it the right way. Other countries should use them as inspiration.
reply
ericpinder1197
The real trouble is that they crowd too many divergent sports into both the Winter and Summer Olympics, some of which have specific environmental needs, and others that need stadiums. A summer city wouldn't have to build both a cycling track and beach volleyball, for example, and they might even have it already. They should split into four and add Fall and Spring Olympic cities. I'm calling for separate Olympics for the events that require large stadiums vs. those that require lakes or ski hills.
reply
The real trouble is that they crowd too many divergent sports into both the Winter and Summer Olympics, some of which have specific environmental needs, and others that need stadiums. A summer city wouldn't have to build both a cycling track and beach volleyball, for example, and they might even have it already. They should split into four and add Fall and Spring Olympic cities. I'm calling for separate Olympics for the events that require large stadiums vs. those that require lakes or ski hills.
reply
B00MER-444
why so the politicians can make money. the structures were already there in Turin-olympics 2006-rememba but in that moment the 5 star governer did it at zero cost and no way this right wing government would even think of using them again-so off we go spending 6. 8 billion-tearing Cortina to bits and then what will happen to the structures-- who cares-now we have multiple bob pistas for 7 athletes costing over 3 billion-but they can't find any money for pensions. what a load of crap!
reply
why so the politicians can make money. the structures were already there in Turin-olympics 2006-rememba but in that moment the 5 star governer did it at zero cost and no way this right wing government would even think of using them again-so off we go spending 6. 8 billion-tearing Cortina to bits and then what will happen to the structures-- who cares-now we have multiple bob pistas for 7 athletes costing over 3 billion-but they can't find any money for pensions. what a load of crap!
reply
Add a review, comment
Other channel videos
